So far, protoplasts were isolated from gametophore apices of S. squarrosum had to be sub-cultivated regularly to prevent gametophore formation. Upon wounding, gametophores will eventually form thalloid protonemata, a method described in Zhao et al. 2021a, b), juvenile protonema tissue, from which the gametophores arise, is naturally formed only after spore germination (Clymo and Hayward 1982 Beike et al. While Sphagnum gametophores are easy to propagate (Beike et al. 2021b), the toolbox for working with Sphagnum mosses under axenic conditions is still small. 2021a) and cultivation techniques available (Batra et al. While there are a number of axenic Sphagnum laboratory strains (Heck et al. As climate-critical plants, Sphagnum mosses have gained interest in recent years (Beike et al. Vegetation cover was extracted from maps made in 19.Peat mosses of the genus Sphagnum comprise most of the biomass in northern peatlands, storing over 500 Gt of carbon, while covering only 3% of the earth’s land mass (Gorham 1991 Clymo et al. Deliberate tap water discharge also stopped in the 1960s. Interventions to reduce pollution were (a) construction of a sewage system in the 1960s and (b) pumping of tap water leakage from 2003. Historically, the lake under the bog was polluted by sewage from a hospital, discharge/leakage of tap water from a purification plant and runoff from a road. Of nine abundant vascular plant species, cover of three decreased (including sedge Carex thunbergii and bogbean Menyanthes trifoliata), cover of three increased (including swamp millet Isachne globosa) and cover of three did not change (including common reed Phragmites australis). The area of moss mats (dominated by feathery bog moss Sphagnum cuspidatum) increased from 420 m 2 to 1,010 m 2. Between 19, the area of moss hummocks (containing blunt-leaved bog moss Sphagnum palustre) increased from 5,900 m 2 to 8,500 m 2. Cover of vascular plant species showed mixed responses. 2010) found that after removing polluting water sources (sewage and tap water), cover of Sphagnum moss increased. Divert/replace polluted water source(s)Ī study in 1980–2006 in a floating bog in Japan (Tsujino et al.

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